Densidad ósea: T-score, Z-score y osteoporosis
Bone density, measured by DEXA scans and expressed as a T-score, indicates the strength of your bones compared to a healthy young adult. A T-score above -1.0 is considered normal, between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates osteopenia (low bone mass), and below -2.5 signals osteoporosis. Peak bone mass is typically achieved by age 30, after which bone loss gradually occurs. Women lose bone faster after menopause due to declining estrogen levels. Key protective factors include adequate calcium intake (1000-1200 mg/day), vitamin D (600-800+ IU/day), weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. This calculator estimates your risk based on modifiable and non-modifiable factors, but a DEXA scan is the gold standard for diagnosis.